Enzymatic Transesterification of Kraft Lignin with Long Acyl Chains in Ionic Liquids

Enzymatic Transesterification of Kraft Lignin with Long Acyl Chains in Ionic Liquids.

Valorization of lignin is essential for the economic viability of the biorefinery concept. For example, the enhancement of lignin hydrophobicity by chemical esterification is known to improve its miscibility in apolar polyolefin matrices, thereby helping the production of bio-based composites. To this end and due to its many reactive hydroxyl groups, lignin is a challenging macromolecular subst...

Applications of Ionic Liquids in Lignin Chemistry

Experiences of Kraft Lignin Functionalization by Enzymatic and Chemical Oxidation

Linear hydrophilic derivatives are expected to soften lignin and improve its utilization in composite applications. Oxidation by means of laccase in the presence of oxygen was employed in an attempt to functionalize commercial kraft lignin by vanillic acid-PEG ester and ether derivatives. Thielavia arenaria and Melanocarpus albomyces laccases at pH 6 and 8 were used. According to O2 consumption...

Kraft Lignin Depolymerization in an Ionic Liquid without a Catalyst

In this paper, the depolymerization of lignin was successfully achieved by the thermal treatment of kraft lignin in butyl-1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec7-enium chloride ([DBUC4][Cl]) without a catalyst. The thermal treatment experiments were performed in an oven at 150, 200, and 250 °C for 1 h. The changes in kraft lignin structure over the course of depolymerization were characterized by gel per...

Protic Ionic Liquids for Lignin Extraction—A Lignin Characterization Study

Protic ionic liquids (PILs) have been established as effective solvents for the selective extraction and recovery of lignin from lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, we utilize extensive analytical techniques to characterize the PIL-extracted lignins to (1) expand on the physical/chemical structure, and to (2) develop a better understanding of the mechanism behind the lignin dissolution proc...